WAN Technologies

WAN Technologies:

    1. Packet Switched and Circuit Switched:

In Circuit switch network there is always a connection between the two end points and on the other hand a circuit switch network connection is established whenever you need it. In circuit switch network resources are always used if there is no need for any resource.

    1. Frame Relay:

It is the alternative of leased line(dedicated line).It is the layer 2 technology. It uses the concept of virtual circuits. Connection is identified by DLCI(Data link connection identifier)

    1. ATM:

Asynchronous Transfer Mode is higher throughput than a frame relay network. It transmits any type of data but data is transferred in fixed cells(53 bytes). It transfers packets in connection oriented networks known as VC(Virtual Circuit). It ensures that the packet reaches in order. Each virtual circuit is identified by VCI.

    1. DSL:

Digital subscriber line is one of the more popular broadband technologies nowadays. DSL itself is group of technologies. One of them is ADSL(Asymmetric Digital Subscriber line) means that uploads and download speed would be different. Phone calls and the internet are used on the same link. Types of DSL are ADSL,SDSL and VDSL(Very high bit rate DSL).

    1. PPP:

It is the most commonly used protocol. It is byte oriented protocol. It is mostly used in leased lines. It formats the frames. It establishes the link between sender and receiver. It defines how data is exchanged. It helps in encapsulation. It verifies the authentication between two devices. A type of authentication used by PPP is PAP(Password Authentication Protocol) but it is one way and sends the password in clear text. PPP also uses CHAP authentication it sends in hashing but it is also one way authentication. Then comes MS-CHAP it uses the two way authentication and it also sends password in hash form(md5). It also helps in compression.

    1. Leased Line:

Dedicated lines which are shared among other offices of an organization. It is the private network. We used leased lines when we needed dedicated bandwidth. It is more expensive to get a leased line from ISP.

    1. Integrated Service Digital Network:

A digital circuit technology, where a circuit is divided into logical B channels(Which carry voice, data or video) and a D channel (which carries signaling protocols). There are two types of ISDN BRI(Base rate interface) and PRI(Primary Rate Interface). R reference point is the point between Terminal Adapter and non ISDN device. S/T reference point is the point between NT1(Network Termination which converts two connections to 4 wire connections) and ISDN devices.

    1. MPLS:

Multiprotocol label switching supports multi protocols. Forward traffic based on labels rather than destination IP addresses. It also allows the service provider to isolate the one customer traffic from another customer simply based on the fact that the different shim header in between layer2 and layer 3 header. Its main advantage is that it helps customers are gonna get different labels. How it forward packet basically it injects the us to make faster routing decisions.

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